Quantum computing R&D status and future prospects in 2021

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The quantum supremacy that superconducting quantum computing has claimed to achieve in the past has been shattered in the latest Gordon Bell Award, but Google and IBM still have ambitious plans in this area.

Ion traps are steadily moving forward with high-fidelity qubits to explore diverse technical routes; neutral atoms are similar, but have better scalability, which is why ion traps have not been able to compare with superconducting qubits. place to compare. As a natural advancement of silicon-based technology, silicon quantum dots will also achieve the lowest quantum noise so far in 2021.

The most eye-catching performance in 2021 is the optical qubit. "Nine Chapter No. 2" has achieved a computing speed that is 10^24 times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer, reaching the milestone of "quantum computing superiority". In the next step, the Chinese University of Science and Technology team has begun to move towards quantum error correction, which is a major obstacle to the practicality of quantum computers.

The above technical routes all require an environment close to absolute zero, and the diamond NV color center can work at ambient temperature, and high expectations are also placed on the rapid landing. For example, there have been quite gratifying progress in the fields of biomedicine.

From 2021 to the present, what is the current status of global quantum computing, what is the situation, and how will it develop in the future? Let’s take a look at the latest progress in quantum technology from the aspects of hardware, software and algorithms, as well as policies of various countries.